Can you legally work in the U.S. while waiting for your green card or asylum decision? What documents do you need? What exactly is an EAD card, anyway?
If you’ve asked yourself any of these questions, you’re in the right place. For many immigrants, the Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is the key to earning a living during uncertain times. But the process, eligibility rules, and technical terms can be confusing, especially when you’re already juggling paperwork and immigration deadlines.
In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know: From what an EAD card is, how it works, who needs it, and how to apply for it without making costly mistakes.
What Is an EAD Card?
The term EAD card means Employment Authorization Document card. It’s a government-issued ID that proves your legal right to work in the U.S. for a limited time. If you’re in the middle of an immigration process or fall under a certain visa category, you may need this document to be lawfully employed.
The EAD card goes beyond just a work permit; it’s official recognition that you’re authorized to work based on your immigration status. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issues these cards to qualifying noncitizens.
You should also know that the EAD is not the same as a green card. While a green card gives you permanent resident status, the EAD card only provides temporary employment authorization.
What’s on the EAD Card?
Your EAD card contains several key details that prove your work eligibility. Each part serves an important purpose, both for you and for your employer:
- Full name and photo – Confirms your identity
- EAD card number (also known as USCIS number) – The unique identifier for the card
- A-number (Alien Registration Number) – Tracks your immigration case
- Card category code – Like C09 (green card applicant) or A05 (asylee)
- Expiration date – Indicates when your work authorization ends
Employers will use this information to complete your I-9 Employment Eligibility Verification form. It’s important that the details on your EAD are accurate, especially the employment authorization card document number and the EAD card number. These numbers are used to verify your legal right to work.
Who Needs an EAD Card?
Not everyone needs an EAD to work in the U.S., but if you’re not a citizen or permanent resident, you might. The Employment Authorization Document is required for certain immigrants who don’t have automatic work authorization under their visa or immigration status.
Here are the most common categories of people who need to apply for an EAD:
- Green card applicants (Form I-485 is pending)
- DACA recipients (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)
- Asylum seekers waiting on a decision
- Certain nonimmigrant visa holders, such as:
- L-2 visa spouses
- J-2 visa dependents
- F-1 students (with OPT or CPT work permission)
These categories don’t come with automatic work rights. That’s why the Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is required to give you the legal right to work.
On the flip side, some immigrants don’t need an EAD to work in the U.S. You’re already authorized to work if you have:
- A valid green card
- U.S. citizenship
- A work-authorized visa like H-1B or O-1
How to Apply for an EAD Card
Applying for an EAD card starts with Form I-765, officially titled the Application for Employment Authorization. You can file online through the USCIS portal or submit a paper application by mail, depending on your eligibility category.
As of August 2025, the filing fee is $550, and card renewal/extension costs $275, though fee waivers are available for certain categories, like asylum applicants or those with financial hardship. Make sure you check the latest employment authorization document news for updates on fees or processing changes.
You’ll also need to include several supporting documents, such as:
- Proof of your immigration status (I-94, visa stamp, pending green card receipt, etc.)
- Two passport-style photos
- A copy of your previous EAD (if you’re renewing)
- Any other documents required for your specific eligibility category
Once submitted, processing typically takes 2 to 6 months. However, you may qualify for expedited processing in cases of financial hardship, job offers, or emergencies, especially if you meet specific USCIS criteria.
How the EAD Works
The Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is your legal ticket to work in the U.S. if your current status doesn’t automatically include job rights.
You apply for it by filing Form I-765, either online through your USCIS account or by mail. After processing, USCIS sends you a physical EAD card: a plastic ID you can show to employers.
Your EAD is typically valid for 1-2 years, depending on your category. For certain categories, like the asylees and refugees, it may be valid for up to 5 years. You can renew it if your eligibility continues, or replace it if it’s lost or damaged. Applying early is key; USCIS often grants automatic 180-day extensions if you file before your current EAD expires.
Many immigrants rely on EADs during transitional periods. If you’re adjusting your status to a green card, for example, an EAD gives you the ability to work while waiting for approval. Be sure to keep track of your EAD number, category code, and expiration date; these are critical for job applications, I-9 forms, and renewals.
Understanding the EAD Card: Meaning and Role in U.S. Immigration
The EAD card is more than just a work permit; it’s a critical document that opens doors to legal employment and greater stability in the U.S. For many immigrants, it’s the bridge between waiting for a permanent status and actively participating in the American workforce.
Understanding the use of the EAD can help you stay compliant and avoid employment interruptions, whether you’re applying for adjustment or awaiting an asylum decision.
If you’re unsure about your eligibility or have questions about your employment authorization document as an immigrant, consulting an immigration attorney is the better way forward. Visit ImmigrationQuestion.com and ask your question for free on the open form, where you will get an answer from an immigration attorney within hours.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Is an EAD the same as a green card?
No, a green card grants permanent residency, while an EAD only allows temporary work authorization.
2. Can I use my EAD for travel?
No, the EAD card is not a travel document. However, it’s valid as a means of identification.
3. Can I renew an EAD?
Yes, and if you file on time, many categories qualify for automatic 180-day extensions.
4. Does having an EAD guarantee I’ll get a green card?
No, an EAD only gives you work rights—it doesn’t guarantee any immigration benefit.
5. What is a green card EAD?
It refers to an EAD issued while your green card application is pending, typically under category C09.
6. What is the EAD card number used for?
It’s a unique ID used by USCIS and employers to verify your authorization to work.
