If you’re planning to extend or change your nonimmigrant status in the U.S., chances are you’ll be filing Form I-539, the official application for this purpose. But the one question almost everyone asks after submitting it is: “How long does it take to process Form I-539?”
Whether you’re a visitor on a B2 visa hoping to stay longer, an F-1 student seeking reinstatement, or an H-4 dependent applying for an extension, understanding the Form I-539 processing time is crucial. The wait can range from a few weeks to several months depending on your visa category, USCIS workload, and whether premium processing is available to you.
This guide breaks down everything you need to know in simple terms, including the timeline, key factors, delays, and your best next steps, even if it’s your first immigration application.
What is Form I-539 and Who Needs to File It?
Form I-539, also known as the Application to Extend or Change Nonimmigrant Status, is used by certain noncitizens who are already in the U.S. and want to either extend their stay or change to a different visa category without leaving the country.
People who commonly file Form I-539 include:
- B1/B2 visitors who need more time due to medical or personal reasons
- F-1 students applying for reinstatement or changes to their status
- H-4, L-2, or other visa dependents seeking to extend their stay
- J-1 or M-1 visa holders transitioning between programs
Filing this form doesn’t guarantee approval, but as long as you file it before your current I-94 expires, it allows you to legally remain in the U.S. while your application is being processed.
How Long Does It Take to Process Form I-539?
Form I-539 processing time can vary a lot. It doesn’t take the same amount of time for everyone because a few important factors can affect how long it takes:
- Your visa type: The type of visa you’re applying for matters. For example, if you’re on an F-1 student visa, you may get faster results—especially with premium processing. But if you’re applying as an H-4 dependent, it usually takes longer. Visitors on B2 visas can also expect wait times of several months.
- The USCIS service center: USCIS has different service centers across the country, and each one has its own processing speed. Some centers may process applications faster than others depending on how busy they are.
- Biometrics: Many applicants are required to give biometrics (fingerprints and a photo) at a USCIS center. If biometrics are required for your case, it can slow down the process, especially if there’s a delay in scheduling the appointment.
- Premium processing: Premium processing for Form I-539 is now available—but only for certain visa categories like F, M, and J. If you’re eligible and pay the extra fee, USCIS promises to process your application within 30 calendar days.
As of 2025, the standard Form I-539 processing time ranges from 3 months to 12 months. If you’re an H-4 dependent, expect the longer end of that range—especially if you’re waiting on biometrics. But if you’re an F-1 student using premium processing, you could receive a decision in 30 days or even less.
To get the most accurate estimate for your case, visit the USCIS Case Processing Times Tool and enter your visa category and service center.
Is Premium Processing Available for Form I-539?
Yes, it is, but only for certain categories.
As of recent USCIS updates, premium processing is available for F, M, and J nonimmigrant applicants who are filing Form I-539 online and submitting Form I-907 (Request for Premium Processing Service).
Here’s what you need to know:
- Processing Time: Premium processing guarantees a response within 30 calendar days
- Filing Fee: $1,750 (as of 2024)
- Eligibility: Only for online filings related to F, M, or J visa categories (not available for H-4 or B2)
If you’re an international student (F or M visa) or an exchange visitor (J visa) and need your application processed faster, premium processing can really help—it gives you a decision in just 30 calendar days. But keep in mind: premium processing is not available for most dependents (like H-4 or L-2) or for B1/B2 visitors right now.
Why Is My Form I-539 Taking So Long?
If your case is stretching beyond the posted time frame, you’re not alone. Delays in I-539 processing have become more common in recent years. Here’s why it might be happening:
- Biometrics delays: Many applicants are still waiting for biometric appointments or have their processing paused because of it.
- USCIS backlog: The pandemic left a lasting impact on USCIS operations, causing significant delays that are still being resolved.
- Incomplete applications: Missing forms, incorrect fees, or lacking evidence can result in Requests for Evidence (RFEs), which extend the process.
- Service center workload: Some centers are more backlogged than others.
It’s important to keep your USCIS receipt number safe so you can check your case status and follow up if needed.
What Happens After I Submit Form I-539?
After you file your application and USCIS accepts it, here’s what generally happens:
- You receive a receipt notice (Form I-797C) confirming that your case is being reviewed.
- If biometrics are required, you’ll get a separate notice for a fingerprint appointment.
- You wait for approval or denial, which can take weeks or months depending on the factors we mentioned earlier.
- If approved, you’ll receive a new I-94 or status change confirmation.
You can track your case online at the USCIS Case Status page using the receipt number on your I-797C.
Is Biometrics Required for Form I-539?
For many applicants, yes, it is. Since 2019, USCIS has generally required biometrics (fingerprints and photo) for I-539 applicants. However, some applicants may be exempted if their biometrics were recently collected or reused.
Biometrics appointments are sent separately and can cause delays if USCIS is backlogged. Some cases have even experienced a 4–6 month delay just waiting for the biometrics step.
Can You Expedite Form I-539 Processing?
Yes, you can request expedited processing for Form I-539, but it’s only approved in rare and urgent situations. These include cases where you’re facing a severe financial loss, dealing with a humanitarian emergency, involved in something of national interest, or if the delay was caused by a USCIS error. Even if you qualify under one of these reasons, approval is not guaranteed, and each request is reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
To make an expedited request, you’ll need to call the USCIS Contact Center and be ready to provide strong supporting documents that prove your situation is urgent. It’s important to understand that expedited processing is not the same as premium processing. While premium processing is a paid service with a set timeline (like 30 days), expedite requests are free but much harder to get approved and do not follow guaranteed timeframes.
Can I Stay in the U.S. While My I-539 is Pending?
Yes, you can usually stay in the U.S. while your Form I-539 is pending, as long as you filed it before your I-94 expires and you continue to follow the rules of your current visa. Even if your I-94 expires during the waiting period, you’re typically under what’s called “authorized stay” until USCIS makes a decision. However, it’s best not to travel outside the U.S. while your application is pending, because leaving the country could cancel your application automatically.
Helpful Tips to Avoid Form I-539 Processing Delays
While you can’t control every part of the process, here are a few things that can help your Form I-539 application go more smoothly:
- Apply as early as possible—ideally at least 45 days before your current stay expires
- Double-check all documents and forms for accuracy
- Pay the correct fees
- Include proof of financial support or intent to return, depending on your visa type
- Respond to any USCIS requests (RFEs) promptly
Taking these simple steps can make a big difference in how smoothly your Form I-539 application is processed. By being proactive, careful, and responsive, you reduce the chances of delays and give your application the best chance for timely approval.
Final Thoughts on I-539 Processing Time and What to Do Next
Waiting for your Form I-539 to be processed can be stressful, but knowing what affects the timeline can ease a lot of that anxiety. Whether you’re extending your stay, changing your status, or applying for reinstatement, the key is to stay informed, submit a complete application, and monitor your case regularly. If you’re eligible for premium processing, it’s a great way to speed things up. If not, make sure to file early, keep records, and respond quickly to any USCIS updates.
If you’re unsure about your options, timing, or next steps, speaking with an immigration attorney is a smart move, especially if your case involves urgent travel or a complex visa category. You can also visit ImmigrationQuestion.com to ask specific questions and receive fast, reliable guidance. In many cases, free consultations are available, so you don’t have to navigate this process alone.
