If you work on an international ship or airplane and need to enter the U.S. as part of your job, you’ll likely need a C-1/D visa. This is one of the most popular visas issued to crew members visiting the United States. And it is important to know the details before applying for this visa.
This visa is actually a combination of two types:
- C-1: for transiting through the U.S.
- D: for working temporarily as a crew member
Together, they allow crew members to come into the U.S. briefly while doing their job. Whether you’re working on a cruise ship, a cargo vessel, or a commercial airline, here’s what you need to know about the C-1 D visa, who qualifies, and how to apply.
What is a C-1/D Visa?
The C-1/D visa is a nonimmigrant visa for people who work on international ships and airplanes. It’s often called the Crew Visa USA, and it lets you enter the U.S. while you’re on duty or moving between assignments.
This combined format exists because many crew members need both functions: they transit through the U.S. to reach their vessel or aircraft (C-1) and then work as crew members (D) once aboard.
The visa serves:
- Maritime workers on cargo ships, cruise lines, and commercial vessels
- Aviation personnel, including flight attendants, pilots, and certain ground staff
- Fishing vessel crew members operating in U.S. waters
Not all transportation workers qualify, however. The visa specifically excludes crew members of vehicles (like truck drivers or train operators) and private, non-commercial vessels or aircraft.
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Who Is Eligible for a C-1/D Visa?
Eligibility for a C-1/D visa depends primarily on your employment and job responsibilities:
Maritime Personnel:
- Officers and crew of commercial vessels
- Staff aboard passenger cruise ships
- Commercial fishing vessel workers
- Marine engineers and technicians
- Stewards and service personnel on commercial vessels
Aviation Personnel:
- Commercial airline pilots
- Flight attendants
- Aircraft mechanics traveling to service aircraft
- Navigators and other flight crew
To qualify, you must be in a crew capacity with duties directly related to the operation, service, or maintenance of the vessel or aircraft. Administrative staff, entertainers, or other personnel not involved in operations don’t usually qualify for the C-1/D and may need B-1 or other visa types instead.
What are the C-1/D Visa Eligibility Requirements?
Meeting basic eligibility criteria is essential before applying:
- Employment Verification: You must have a confirmed position with a shipping company, airline, or other maritime/aviation employer. This must be documented through an official letter from your employer.
- Intent to Depart: You must demonstrate that you intend to depart the U.S. once your vessel leaves or your specific crew duties conclude.
- Crew Status: Your role must involve actual ship or aircraft operations, service, or maintenance.
- No Disqualifying Factors: Criminal convictions, previous immigration violations, or security concerns can make you ineligible.
- Medical Requirements: While no specific medical exam is mandatory for all applicants, certain crew members may need to comply with CDC requirements.
Most applicants must undergo security background checks, and certain nationalities may face additional screening requirements based on current U.S. security protocols.
What Documents Do You Need to Apply?
Before you apply for a C1/D visa, make sure you have:
- Your passport (valid for at least 6 months after your travel date)
- A passport-sized photo
- A completed DS-160 visa form
- Proof of employment (letter or contract)
- Travel plans or itinerary showing your route
- The visa fee payment receipt
- Any old U.S. visas you’ve held before (if applicable)
How to Apply for a C-1/D Visa: Step-by-Step
Applying for a C-1/D visa isn’t too complicated, but you’ll want to follow these steps carefully:
Fill Out the DS-160 Form
This is the main visa application form. It’s online, and once submitted, you’ll get a confirmation page. Keep that page for your interview.
Pay the Visa Fee
You’ll need to pay a non-refundable application fee, usually around $185. Check your local U.S. embassy or consulate for exact costs and instructions.
Schedule an Interview
Set up a visa interview at your nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. Waiting times can vary, so don’t wait until the last minute.
Attend the Interview
Bring all your documents. Be ready to answer questions about your job, your employer, and why you’re coming to the U.S.
Wait for a Decision
If approved, your passport will be returned with the visa inside. Processing times vary but usually take a few days to a few weeks.
Preparing for Your C-1/D Visa Interview
Your interview is a key part of the process. The officer will ask about your job, your travel plans, and your background.
Common Interview Questions:
- Details about your employer and position
- Your specific duties aboard the vessel/aircraft
- Your travel history and previous U.S. visits
- Your ties to your home country
Consular officers are primarily assessing whether you’re a genuine crew member and not attempting to use the visa to immigrate permanently. Bring all supporting documentation organized for easy reference, including your employment history and any professional certifications.
Dress professionally and provide clear, honest answers. Avoid memorized responses and simply explain your actual job and travel plans.
What Happens After Approval (or Denial)?
If you’re approved, you’ll receive your visa and can enter the U.S. to begin work. The C-1/D visa is valid for multiple entries for up to 5 years, though the actual stay duration is limited to 29 days per entry or until the vessel/aircraft departs, whichever comes first.
If you’re denied, don’t panic. You’ll be told why, and you may be able to reapply or correct the issue—especially with legal help.
At the port of entry, a U.S. immigration officer will review your documents again. Even with a visa, they have the final say, so always carry everything you might need.
Final Thoughts
Having a C-1/D visa requires careful preparation and understanding of the specific requirements for crew members. Ensuring all documentation accurately reflects your position and duties is essential for approval.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long is a C-1/D visa valid?
The C-1/D visa may be valid for up to 5 years with multiple entries, though each stay is limited to 29 days or until your vessel/aircraft departs.
Can I stay in the U.S. on a C-1/D visa between contracts or jobs?
No, the C-1/D visa only permits stays directly related to your crew duties. You must depart when your vessel leaves or when your specific assignment ends.
Can family members accompany C-1/D visa holders?
No, family members cannot accompany you under your C-1/D status and would need to apply for their own appropriate visas.
Can I apply for a C-1/D visa while in the United States?
No, you must apply at a U.S. embassy or consulate outside the United States.
Can I switch to another visa type while on a C-1/D visa?
No, C-1/D visa holders typically cannot change to another status while in the U.S. and would need to depart and apply for a different visa.
